Educational appliance.



No. 746.305 PATENTED DEC. s, 1903. ,H.-0. DUNN. EDUCATIONAL APPLIANGE.

APPLICATION FILED JAIL}, 1901.

I0 IODEL.

No. 746,305. b

Patented December 8, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

HIRAM 0. DUNN, OF MARION, onlo.

EDUCATIONAL APPLIANCE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 746,305, dated December 8, 1903.

Application filed January 2, 1901. 7 Serial No. 41,884. (No model.) I

.To all whom it'mcty concern:

Be it known that I, HIRAM O. DUNN, acitizen of the United States, residing at Marion, in the county of Marion and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Educational Appliances, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of mechanical educational appliances which are particularly adapted for demonstrating and illustrating astronomical facts-such, for instance, as the relations of the sun, moon, and earth, the revolutions of the earth aroundthe sun and the moon around the earth, the daily rotation of the earth on its axis and the monthly rotation of the moon, the inclination and parallelism of the earths axis, the change of seasons, the duration of day and night, the elements of the zones, the variance of day and night Withlatitudeand season,aud varione other facts of similar character relating toastronomical and geographical matters, which are more readily taught from practical demonstration by the means of a mechanical device.

The objects of my invention are to provide an improved construction'of this class wherein simple, reliable, and efiective mechanism is employed for attaining the desired revolu tions, movements and positions of the parts with relation to each other and to produce other improvements the details of construction and arrangement of parts of which will be more fullypointed out hereinafter. These objects I accomplish in the manner illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which I Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved educational appliance. Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line m. a: of Fig. 1.

mediately below the globe representing the earth, and Fig. 4: is a central vertical section of the lower portion of the lamp-standard.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

In carrying out my invention I employ a lamp or sun-standard which comprises a base portion 1, which through the medium of a vertical bolt 2 is connected with a, lamp-supporting base 3, the latter having mounted Fig. 3 is an enlarged side elevation of the parts imthereon or formed therewith a lamp-body 4, which is provided with a suitable burner 4 Pivoted on the downwardly-extending stem portion 3 of the lamp-supporting body or base is the ring-like rear end portion 4 of an outwardly-extending and upwardly-inclined arm 4. Pivotally supported in the outer end of the arm 4 and extending vertically upward therefrom is the lower end portion of an axis-rod 5, the latter at a point above the arm 4 being provided with a crank-bend, as indicated at 5*, or being bent outwardly and thence upwardly,its upwardly-extending portion being inclined from a vertical position and, havingjournaled thereon a globe 6, rep-. resenting the earth, on which may be printed or'otherwise formed in colors lines and configurations of the c'haracter ordinarily employed on educational globes. Upon the lower part of the vertical portion'of the rod 5 I mount a grooved wheel 7, which maybe in the nature of a sprocket-wheel, if desired, this wheel having an upwardly-extending central hub portion 8, the upper side of which is beveled, as indicated more clearly in Fig. 3. Rotatably mounted upon the rod 5 above the hub 8 is the lower downwardly-extending hub port-ion 9 of a smaller grooved wheel ,10, the latter being slidable endwise upon the projected portion of the rod 5 Connected eccentrically with the upper side of the wheel 10 is an outwardly-extending and upwardlycurved rod 11, the upper end of which has mounted thereon a ball-like body 12, intended to represent the moon.

13 represents a crossed driving-chain which .passes about a groove or peripheral channel 14 in the lamp-body 4 and about the wheel 1 10. Passing about a similar groove 15 in the lamp-body and thence extending to and'about V the larger Wheel 7 is an endless chain 16.

Rigidl y connected with the ring-like terminations l of the arm Hand extending therefrom at a point on the opposite side of said ring from said arm is a suitable handle 17.

In utilizing the above-described invention the light at the lamp-burner 4 is designed to represent the sun,'and it'will readily be understood that by grasping-the handle 17 and swinging the arm 4 about the lamp-base stem 3 the globe representing the earth, together IOC with the moon, must be made to encircle the lamp. Owing to the chain-belt connection of the wheel 7 with the groove of the body 4, it will be seen that in this revolution of the earth representation about the sun representation the parallelism of the earths axis is maintained, producing the desired incline of the earth with reference to the sun. It will also be observed that by the rotation of the comparatively small wheel 10, which is imparted through its belt connection with the grooved surface of the lamp-body, the moonbearing rod 11 may be caused to execute the desired number of revolutions about the earth during the movement of the latter about the sun.

It will be understood that the wheel or member 7 is fixed upon the projected portion of the axis 5 to simultaneously rotate therewith, and the slidable member 10 is supported upon the member 7 with the beveled portions of the hubs of these members in mutual frictional engagement, whereby as these two members are driven or rotated at different rates of speed it is apparent that the beveled or cam portion of the upper member will travel upon the cam portion of the lower member and will thereby work or slide vertically. As the member 10 moves up and down the moon representation 12 will likewise move in the same direction in addition to its movement in a path around the earth representation, whereby the path of the moon representation will be set at an inclination to the vertical.

From the construction and operation herein described it will be seen that a simple and effective mechanism is provided whereby astronomical and geographical facts may be readily and plainly demonstrated, and it will also be observed that the mechanism which I employ is composed of comparatively few parts, so arranged as to prevent a tendency of their easily getting out of order.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a tellurian, the combination of an earth representation having a projected axis portion, a cam member fixed upon the projected portion of the axis, a slidable member loosely rotatable upon the axis and supported upon the cam member in frictional engagement with the cam-surface of said cam member,a moon representation carried by the slidable member, and means to rotate the axis tee, 305

and the slidable member at different rates of speed. I

2. In a tellurian, the combination of an earth representation having a projected axis portion, a gear fixed upon the projected axis portion and having its upperhub portion terminally beveled, an upper gear loosely rotatable and slidable upon said axis with its lower hub portion terminally beveled and supported in frictional engagement upon the beveled hub portion of the lower gear, a moon representation carried by the upper gear, and means engaging the respective gears to rotate the same at different rates of speed.

3. In a tellurian, the combination with a support, of a horizontally-swinging arm swiveled thereon, a sun representation upon the support, an earth representation having a projected axis portion journaled upon the arm, a wheel fixed upon said projected axis portion and having its upper hub portion terminally beveled, an upper wheel loosely rotatable and slidable upon said axis and having its lower hub portion terminally beveled and supported in frictional engagement upon the beveled hub portion of the lower wheel, a moon representation carried by the upper wheel, and means to drive the two wheels at different rates of speed from the support when the arm is being swung around said support.

4. In a tellurian, the combination with a base and a standard rising therefrom and having a pair of external annular grooves, of a lamp supported upon the standard, a horizontally-swinging arm supported upon the standard and swiveled thereon, an earth representation having a projected axis portion journaled upon the arm, a peripherallygrooved wheel fixed upon the axis to rotate therewith and having a terminally-beveled upper hub portion, a smaller peripherallygrooved wheel loosely rotatable and slidable upon the axis with its lower hub portion terminally beveled and in frictional supporting engagement with the beveled hub portion of the lower wheel, a moon representation carried by the upper wheel,and endless drive connections engaging the peripherally-grooved portions of the wheels and the corresponding grooves of the support.

HIRAM O. DUNN.

In presence of- A. L. PHELPS, W. L. MoRRow. 

